A comparative review of thermoformed and 3D-printed shape memory polymer systems
Abstract Clear aligner therapy has significantly transformed orthodontic practice by providing an aesthetic and removable alternative to traditional fixed appliances. Conventional thermoformed aligners, although widely successful, are limited by force degradation, stress relaxation, and deformation under intraoral conditions, affecting treatment predictability. Recent advances in material science, particularly the emergence of 3D-printed shape memory polymers (SMPs), … Read more