“Role models and clinical experiences” are key factors in shaping the identities of dental hygienists as they transition from students to health professionals, according to a Japanese study.
Published in BMC Medical Education, the study emphasized the importance of fostering “supporting communities where dental hygienists connect, help, and learn from each other.” It highlighted the need for educators to provide structured guidance and for the creation of peer-learning communities post-graduation to ensure professional growth and job satisfaction.
The research is set against the backdrop of Japan’s aging population, which has created an increased demand for oral health services. However, this demand has been met with a high turnover rate among dental hygienists.
“Such a high turnover rate has become problematic for Japan, resulting in a shortage of dental hygienists,” the study stated.
Findings and methods
Using a case study approach, the researchers followed 10 final-year dental hygiene students as they reflected on their evolving perceptions of their profession. Semi-structured interviews revealed that professional identity formation was significantly influenced by role models, clinical experiences, and interactions with other healthcare professionals. The data were analyzed thematically to identify the components of professional identity and the factors shaping its formation.
Navigating hierarchies and feelings of inferiority
The study found that participants often “felt inferior” to other medical professionals, which hindered their ability to engage in inter-professional collaboration. Despite being expected to contribute to areas like disease prevention, home care, and terminal care, some students struggled to see their value within the broader healthcare team.
The researchers concluded that dental hygienists need better access to knowledge-sharing and collaboration opportunities to overcome these feelings of inadequacy.
“Effective information sharing and exchange of opinions in inter-professional collaboration are essential to overcoming their feelings of inferiority and increasing learning opportunities,” the study noted. It also highlighted cultural factors, describing the collectivist nature of Japanese society, where a sense of “we” versus “others” can create barriers to collaboration.
Canadian context
Similar challenges exist in Canada. The Canadian Dental Hygienists Association (CDHA) has flagged concerns about turnover in the profession. In its 2023 report, the CDHA noted the potential for significant turnover in the next five years and called for “healthier and more respectful workplaces” for dental hygienists.
In its 2024 survey, the CDHA found that 39% of respondents had considered quitting their jobs due to mistreatment, while 22% considered leaving because of pain and discomfort, highlighting the need for systemic improvements to retain dental hygienists in Canada.